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Bulbous plant lily eucharis (Eucharis) is a member of the Amaryllis family. From Greek "eucharis" is translated as "graceful", it is associated with the beautiful flowers and foliage of this plant. It occurs naturally in South and Central America from Bolivia to Guatemala, while eucharis prefers to grow in the lower tier of humid forests in shaded areas. This plant is also called the "Amazonian lily", since the largest number of its species can be found in Colombia, on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in the western Amazon. In the first half of the 19th century, the flower was brought to Europe, where very soon it became popular with both gardeners and florists.
Eucharis amazonian is a bulbous plant. The bulbs are spherical in diameter and reach about 60 mm. On one bush, from 2 to 7 dark green leaf plates are formed, they are wide, lanceolate and have thick long petioles. The length of the leaves is about 0.55 m, and their width is up to 0.2 m. The foliage has a slightly wrinkled structure, as well as a protruding longitudinal vein. Flowering begins in August or September, while flower stalks grow about 0.8 m long. Outwardly, fragrant flowers are very similar to daffodils, they are white and large, collected in 3-10 pieces in umbrellas. And the flowers also have a crown, the color of which can be yellow or green, depending on the species. The fruit is a leathery three-chambered capsule.
Beautifully Blooming Indoor Plants. Transplant of Eucharis (EVKHARIS).
It is quite simple to grow a lily eucharis, but before purchasing a flower, you need to take into account that it needs a lot of free space. Otherwise, this culture is unpretentious and undemanding.
Such a flower grows well in any light. It can be placed on either the south or north window, and it will grow well and look great everywhere. However, the bush must be shaded from the scorching midday rays of the sun, otherwise burns may appear on its surface.
The flower grows best at temperatures between 18 and 22 degrees. Even in winter, the bush does not need a cool content, the recommended air temperature during this period is from 16 to 18 degrees. However, the plant reacts negatively to drafts and sudden changes in temperature, because of them the flowers become smaller, and the flowering becomes more scarce.
During the growing season, the flower should be watered regularly a couple of times a week. During the dormant period, the frequency of watering is slightly reduced. It is necessary to pay attention to the state of the substrate. Do not let the earth clod completely dry out, but between waterings, the top layer of the substrate must definitely dry out. Also, make sure that there is no stagnation of liquid in the soil, otherwise rot may appear on the bulb.
Since eucharis naturally grows in the tropics, it needs high humidity. Therefore, it must be systematically moistened from a sprayer with well-settled water at room temperature. You need to moisten the flower regularly at any time of the year, special attention should be paid to spraying in the autumn-winter period, when the air humidity becomes very low due to operating heating devices. If, to increase the humidity, some humidification from the sprayer is not enough, the flower pot must be placed on a pallet, into which moistened pebbles are poured. And sometimes the eucharis should have a warm shower, or the foliage can be wiped with a damp soft cloth. From the moment the peduncles are formed, moisture from the sprayer must be suspended until the end of flowering. Otherwise, if water drops fall on the buds and flowers, they will begin to turn brown.
The plant is fed regularly, but only during the growing season, and even during flowering. The regularity of dressings is 1 time in half a month. For this, it is recommended to use liquid mineral fertilizers for flowering indoor plants with a low nitrogen content, for example, Bone Forte, Agricola or Fertika-Lux. Some growers prefer to feed eucharis alternately with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. Immediately after the end of flowering, all feeding should be stopped.
The transplant is carried out infrequently, only once every 3 or 4 years after the end of flowering, when a period of dormancy has already begun. This must be done very carefully, since the earthen lump must remain intact during transplantation, because the culture reacts to trauma to the root system, as well as to violations of the position of the roots, extremely negatively. The soil mixture is fertile, which includes sod, leafy and fibrous peat soil, as well as sand and rotted cow dung. The planting pot is used not very high, but wide. A 20 mm thick drainage layer is poured onto its bottom, after which a bulb is placed in it along with a lump of earth, as a result, it should be at a depth of 40 to 50 mm. Gradually add fresh substrate and compact it, try to fill all the voids. During transplantation, it is not recommended to separate the daughter bulbs from the mother and plant them in individual containers, since children planted alone will not bloom for a long time.
The eucharis differs from other representatives of the Amaryllis family in that it does not have a pronounced dormant period. He does not discard foliage. However, he needs rest before the next flowering. In this regard, at the end of flowering, tear off all wilted flower stalks, stop fertilizing the substrate, and also gradually reduce watering. The bush should rest for at least 4-6 weeks. If desired, it can be rearranged for this time to a cooler room, but this is not necessary. When young offspring appear on the flower, it is necessary to gradually increase the frequency of watering.
Sometimes the eucharis lily is propagated by seed, but children are most often used for this. The culture differs from other bulbous plants in that the bush and the mother bulb are divided in such a way that in each of the divisions there are 4 or 5 bulbs. Thanks to this, the roots will receive less damage, and the delenki themselves will undergo transplantation less painfully, move faster into growth and begin to grow overgrown with daughter bulbs. Blossoming of delenok can often be seen in the year of transplantation.
Growing eucharis from seeds takes a lot of time and effort from the grower. At the same time, the first flowering of plants grown from seeds can be seen only 5 years after the emergence of seedlings.
REPRODUCTION OF EUCHARIS IN HOME CONDITIONS
Eucharis has a fairly high resistance to pests, however, scabbards, thrips or spider mites sometimes settle on it. Most often, those plants that are not properly cared for suffer from them. In order to exterminate such insects, you will have to spray the bush with a systemic insecticidal drug (for example, Fitoverm or Aktellik), they can be found on the shelf of any specialized store. However, it is better to provide the plant with proper care and optimal conditions for growth, then pests will bypass it.
Most often, the culture suffers from gray rot. As a rule, the development of such a disease is facilitated by high humidity in a cool room. As soon as you notice the first signs of the disease, it will be necessary to sharply reduce the watering, then the bush is sprayed with a solution of the agent used to combat gray rot, for example: Champion, Bordeaux mixture or Topaz (at the initial stage of the development of the disease). All severely affected areas on the bush are cut out to healthy tissue. In this case, it will be necessary to treat the wounds with a contact agent containing copper, for example: cuproxate, copper sulfate or oxychom.
If such a plant is improperly taken care of, then problems may arise with it:
HOW TO MAKE EUCHARIS FLOWERS
The types of eucharis that are most often grown by flower growers will be described below.
This species comes from the Colombian Andes. Its bulb in diameter reaches from 30 to 60 mm. Long-petiolate leaf plates have a broad-lanceolate shape. On a peduncle from 0.6 to 0.8 meters long, white fragrant flowers are formed, reaching about 12 centimeters in diameter, they are 3-6 pieces collected in inflorescences. Flowering occurs in May, August and winter.
The birthplace of this plant is also Colombia. The diameter of the bulb is about 50 mm, it has an ovoid shape. Broadly elliptical leaf plates sharpen towards the top, and narrow towards the base, their width is up to 0.15 m, and the length is about 0.4 m. On a brownish-green peduncle, an umbrella is formed, consisting of 6-10 fragrant white flowers. Flowering occurs in March.
This species, like the white eucharis, is native to Colombia, and these plants also have bulbs similar in shape and size. The shape of the leaf plates is broadly oval, while at the base they are round, located on not too long petioles. The leaves are about 15 centimeters wide and about 25 centimeters long. The peduncle is round in cross-section; as a rule, 2 umbellate inflorescences grow on it at once. The plant blooms in March.
The homeland of this species is South America. His bulbs have an ovoid shape. The length of the broad-oval cordate leaf plates at the base is about 0.3 m, and the width is up to 0.17 m, they are located on long petioles (about 15 centimeters). On a rounded peduncle, an umbrella-shaped inflorescence is formed, consisting of 2-3 white flowers. However, there is also a multi-flowered form, in which the inflorescence consists of 4-6 small flowers. The color of the crown rim is pale yellow. Flowering is observed in February – April. As a rule, the species is cultivated on an industrial scale.
The forests of Colombia are also considered the homeland of this species. The shape of the bulb is oval. The oblong-triangular leaf plates are about 11 centimeters wide and up to 23 centimeters long, as well as long grooved petioles. On a narrow peduncle, umbrella-shaped inflorescences are formed, consisting of 6-8 flowers of white color.
The most popular among florists is the large-flowered eucharis.
Eucharis. How to Care for an Amazon Lily to Blossom?
The Amazon lily has long been “registered” in city apartments. A spectacular plant with large green leaves and luxurious white flowers delights the hostess, households and guests. Even after the buds have fallen off, the lily does not lose its decorative effect.
The name according to the botanical classification is eucharis. Home care is simple, even a novice florist can grow a large Amazonian beauty. It is useful to arm yourself with the tips suggested in the article, buy an ornamental deciduous plant, and enjoy the wonderful view of a tropical flower.
Eucharis has many varieties, but it is difficult for scientists to classify them, since the flower is often cross-pollinated. However, some species are more common than others in home breeding. Their names and some characteristics are presented below.
The Amazon lily resembles a daffodil in its appearance
One of the most common types of Amazonian lily for home keeping.
It blooms in late spring, summer and winter. The flowers unfold alternately, which makes the flowering process smooth and harmonious. It has paired leaves, their length can reach up to 40 centimeters, which is why this species is called large-flowered.
This plant requires a lot of space in the house, but it still remains unpretentious to maintain.
It is a mountain variety of the Amazonian lily. The birthplace of the flower is Colombia, or rather its mountainous territories.
The flowers are smaller than those of the large-flowered, but there are more of them in the inflorescence - up to 10.
For reference! The peculiarity of this species is that the petals of the flowers are directed upwards. It blooms in autumn and March.
This species also comes from Colombia. Outwardly, it does not differ much from white eucharis - the leaves are green and rounded, the flowers are small, white, grow in the form of umbrellas.
Usually two inflorescences bloom at once. The flower petals are rounded and taper towards the base. Blooms all spring - from March to May.
The homeland of this species is South America. It is considered the second most popular type of Amazonian lily.
When blooming, 2-3 flowers are revealed, which are located on small tubes. This makes the flower look wilted. It can also be multi-flowered, then 5-6 small flowers open at once in the inflorescence. Its appearance most of all resembles a lily.
For reference! Blooms from February to mid-spring and early autumn.
Comes from Colombia, like eucharis Mastersa. A distinctive feature of this species is the leaves of a triangular shape. Their length does not exceed 20 centimeters, and the width is 10. Flowers in the inflorescence are usually 7-10 pieces, they open in the form of umbrellas. This eucharis blooms in mid-spring.
The most unpretentious in care are the types of Sander and large-flowered, it is on them that the choice of flower growers from all over the world falls.
Eucharis cannot be called too demanding plant to care for.... But this does not mean that he does not need to be paid attention at all. In order for it to please you with its bright greenery and lush flowering, you need to follow a number of rules when caring for it.
Standard care for eucharis involves adherence to temperature, irrigation and lighting.
A correctly set temperature in a room with a flower is already half the success. Since eucharis is a tropical plant, in summer it will be comfortable at a temperature of + 26 ... + 28 degrees. In winter, the thermometer should not drop below +12 degrees. Violation of the temperature regime leads to the fact that the plant begins to grow poorly and hurt.
So be sure to put the container with the flower on a pallet with moistened expanded clay, and also use specialized air humidifiers. Spraying is also permissible, but they must be carried out extremely carefully, sprinkling with water only leaf plates.
In the wild, eucharis usually grows in the shade of taller plants.... So when growing a flower at home, try to provide it with a little shading and diffused light.
Place a container with it on the west or east window. If you installed a flowerpot on the south side, then be sure to shade the plant on a hot afternoon. And if the flower is on the north side, then you will have to provide it with additional lighting from phytolamps.
Eucharis loves moisture, but you should not pour liters of water into the substrate... Watering should be carried out only when the soil in the container dries up by about a third of the total volume. Excessive moisture will lead to rotting of the bulbs and, accordingly, the death of the plant. It is advisable to use bottom irrigation for eucharis, in which water is poured into a pan, and then its excess is drained after 48 hours.
In order for eucharis to delight you with abundant flowering for many years, it must be provided with top dressing. In the midst of flowering, a liquid mineral mixture diluted twice with water should be applied every 2 weeks.
Some growers advise to alternate mineral complexes and organic matter, but do not get carried away with this when growing at home, since organic fertilizers have a detrimental effect on the condition of the bulbs.
Fertilizer should be applied immediately after evening watering.... After that, the plant needs to be shaded for 48 hours. As soon as flowering is over, top dressing is excluded from the grooming routine.
These plants prefer nutritious soil mixtures that are highly breathable. You can also prepare a suitable substrate at home: mix peat, turf soil, perlite in a 1: 1: 1 ratio, and then add two parts of leafy soil to them. If you don't want to mess with the substrate yourself, you can purchase a ready-made universal primer in the store.
Eucharis is quite resistant to pests and diseases, which if they appear, then as a result of the fact that the conditions of care are violated. Of the diseases, gray rot most often manifests itself (photo 2), which appears as a result of high humidity (excessive watering) and low temperature. First of all, it is necessary to reduce watering, with a slight infection, the plant can be treated with a solution of Bordeaux mixture or with special agents against gray rot. In case of severe infection, the leaf should be removed, and the plant itself should be treated with copper-containing preparations (oxychom, cuproxate, copper sulfate).
Photo 2.
Gray rot leaf
Of the pests, the plant most often suffers from damage by spider mites, scale insects and thrips (photo 3). Pests usually infect the most succulent leaves, colonies of thrips are hardly noticeable until they become few in number, so you should regularly inspect the foliage plate. To combat them, the plant must be treated with systemic insecticides.
Photo 3.
Plant leaf infected with thrips
Amazon lily or eucharis: features of home care, photos and recommendations of specialists, watch the video
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